Artificial Intelligence and Electoral Politics in India: Democratic Innovation, Risks and Regulatory Challenges

Abstract

Political communication and electoral processes across democratic systems worldwide have been reshaped significantly by rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI). World’s largest democracy- India has also been affected by these changes. In India AI has been integrated into election campaigns, voter engagement strategies, content creation practices and administrative monitoring mechanisms. This paper critically examines the role of AI in electoral politics in India with particular emphasis on 2024 Lok Sabha elections, 2025 Bihar Assembly elections and broader experiences from recent state elections in Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, and Telangana. It analyses how AI driven technologies such as predictive analytics, automated messaging systems, generative media, algorithmic monitoring have altered the dynamics of electoral battle in India. The paper also highlights the ethical, legal and democratic challenges posed by AI including misinformation, deepfakes, voter profiling, privacy concerns and regulatory inadequacies. Drawing upon documented electoral practices, regulatory advisories and enforcement actions, the paper argues that while AI offers opportunities for efficiency and engagement, its unchecked deployment poses risks which undermine electoral integrity and public trust. The paper concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening legal frameworks, institutional capacity, transparency mechanisms and public awareness to ensure the responsible and democratic use of AI in India’s electoral ecosystem.